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G12 Biology
Textbook for Class XII · Reprint 2026–27
NCERT
The Library
G12 Biology
Textbook for Class XII · Reprint 2026–27
The Class XII Biology textbook: reproduction, genetics and evolution, biology in human welfare, biotechnology, and ecology. Includes all 13 chapters, original diagrams, tables, summaries and exercises.
Contents
13 chaptersCh. 11. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants9 sections
- Unit VI — Reproduction343 words
- Introduction114 words
- 1.1 FLOWER – A FASCINATING ORGAN OF ANGIOSPERMS171 words
- 1.2 PRE-FERTILISATION: STRUCTURES AND EVENTS4,666 words
- 1.3 DOUBLE FERTILISATION203 words
- 1.4 POST-FERTILISATION : STRUCTURES AND EVENTS1,447 words
- 1.5 APOMIXIS AND POLYEMBRYONY332 words
- Summary498 words
- Exercises268 words
Ch. 22. Human Reproduction10 sections
- Introduction134 words
- 2.1 THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM487 words
- 2.2 THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM673 words
- 2.3 GAMETOGENESIS855 words
- 2.4 MENSTRUAL CYCLE435 words
- 2.5 FERTILISATION AND IMPLANTATION657 words
- 2.6 PREGNANCY AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT455 words
- 2.7 PARTURITION AND LACTATION235 words
- Summary406 words
- Exercises387 words
Ch. 33. Reproductive Health8 sections
Ch. 44. Principles of Inheritance and Variation12 sections
- Unit VII — Genetics and Evolution391 words
- Introduction297 words
- 4.1 MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE305 words
- 4.2 INHERITANCE OF ONE GENE2,960 words
- 4.3 INHERITANCE OF TWO GENES1,948 words
- 4.4 POLYGENIC INHERITANCE247 words
- 4.5 PLEIOTROPY109 words
- 4.6 SEX DETERMINATION1,093 words
- 4.7 MUTATION217 words
- 4.8 GENETIC DISORDERS1,772 words
- Summary595 words
- Exercises250 words
Ch. 55. Molecular Basis of Inheritance13 sections
- Introduction300 words
- 5.1 THE DNA1,374 words
- 5.2 THE SEARCH FOR GENETIC MATERIAL1,275 words
- 5.3 RNA WORLD138 words
- 5.4 REPLICATION914 words
- 5.5 TRANSCRIPTION1,306 words
- 5.6 GENETIC CODE1,324 words
- 5.7 TRANSLATION406 words
- 5.8 REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION801 words
- 5.9 HUMAN GENOME PROJECT1,208 words
- 5.10 DNA FINGERPRINTING991 words
- Summary492 words
- Exercises255 words
Ch. 66. Evolution12 sections
- Introduction103 words
- 6.1 ORIGIN OF LIFE726 words
- 6.2 EVOLUTION OF LIFE FORMS – A THEORY353 words
- 6.3 WHAT ARE THE EVIDENCES FOR EVOLUTION?1,067 words
- 6.4 WHAT IS ADAPTIVE RADIATION?308 words
- 6.5 BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION619 words
- 6.6 MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION120 words
- 6.7 HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE523 words
- 6.8 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF EVOLUTION576 words
- 6.9 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MAN333 words
- Summary162 words
- Exercises135 words
Ch. 77. Human Health and Disease9 sections
Ch. 88. Microbes in Human Welfare9 sections
- Introduction381 words
- 8.1 MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS305 words
- 8.2 MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS662 words
- 8.3 MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT690 words
- 8.4 MICROBES IN PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS443 words
- 8.5 MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS610 words
- 8.6 MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS299 words
- Summary269 words
- Exercises351 words